Tennis elbow, medically known as lateral epicondylitis, is a painful condition that occurs due to the overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons that attach to the outer part of the elbow. Despite its name, it is not limited to tennis players and can affect anyone who engages in repetitive wrist and arm movements. This condition typically results in pain and tenderness on the outer side of the elbow, which may radiate down the forearm and into the wrist. Tennis elbow can be caused by various activities or occupations involving repetitive gripping, lifting, or twisting motions of the wrist and forearm. Treatment options range from rest, physical therapy, and pain-relieving medications to more invasive interventions like injections or surgery in severe cases.
The diagnosis of tennis elbow involves a comprehensive approach, beginning with a review of the patient's medical history, including symptom onset and aggravating factors. A physical examination of the affected arm is performed, checking for tenderness, range of motion, and grip strength. The resisted wrist extension test is often used to provoke pain in the affected area. In some cases, imaging studies like X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be employed to visualize the elbow and rule out other potential causes of pain. By combining these assessments, healthcare providers can accurately diagnose tennis elbow and differentiate it from similar conditions.
Treatment for tennis elbow typically involves a combination of non-surgical approaches aimed at alleviating pain, improving function, and promoting healing. Common treatments include rest, physical therapy to strengthen forearm muscles and improve flexibility, the use of braces or splints to reduce strain, and the application of ice to reduce inflammation. Additionally, injections may be prescribed to manage pain and swelling. In some cases, shockwave therapy or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may be considered. Surgical intervention is usually reserved for cases that do not respond to conservative treatments. However, the choice of treatment depends on the individual's specific condition and should be discussed with a doctor.