Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the gradual breakdown of the cartilage that covers the ends of bones in the joints. It is the most common form of arthritis and typically affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, spine, and hands. As the cartilage deteriorates, the bones may rub against each other, leading to pain, swelling, and decreased joint mobility. Osteoarthritis can develop over time due to aging, joint injuries, or other factors, and it is more prevalent in older adults. While it cannot be cured, various treatments, including medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes, can help manage symptoms and improve joint function. In some cases, joint replacement surgery, such as hip or knee replacement, may be recommended for severe osteoarthritis.
The diagnosis of osteoarthritis involves a comprehensive approach, including a detailed medical history to understand symptoms, a physical examination to assess joint condition, and often X-rays to visualize joint changes like narrowing and bone spurs. Clinical criteria and symptoms like pain and stiffness play a crucial role in diagnosis, with blood tests typically used to rule out other conditions. In some cases, joint fluid analysis or advanced imaging methods like MRI or CT scans may be employed to confirm the diagnosis. The process combines various elements to accurately identify osteoarthritis and exclude other potential causes of joint discomfort and dysfunction.
Treatment for osteoarthritis typically combines various strategies to alleviate pain, enhance joint function, and manage the condition's progression. This includes lifestyle adjustments like weight management and joint-friendly exercises, along with physical therapy to strengthen muscles and enhance stability. Injections can provide short-term relief, while assistive devices like braces and orthopedic shoes support joint function. Modalities like heat and cold therapy, as well as complementary therapies, may offer benefits. For advanced cases, surgical options like joint replacement may be considered. Emerging treatments hold promise in promoting tissue healing and reducing inflammation. Treatment choices are personalized to each patient's needs, with doctors guiding the selection of the most suitable approach.